What is the phase relationship between supply voltage and induced current in an inductive circuit?

In an inductive circuit, the fundamental behavior of the alternating current (AC) can be understood through the concepts of phase relationships between voltage and current. In this case, the correct statement is that voltage leads current.

When an inductive load is connected to an AC supply, the magnetic field created by the changing current takes a finite amount of time to build up and collapse. This phenomenon causes the current to respond to changes in voltage with a noticeable delay. As a result, the voltage waveform reaches its peak before the current waveform does, highlighting the characteristic of inductance in the circuit.

Thus, in an inductive circuit, the current reaches its peak value after the voltage does. This relationship is quantified in terms of phase angles, typically represented as positive angles in degrees or radians. A significant aspect of this interaction is the fact that the phase difference can be almost 90 degrees for purely inductive components, further reinforcing the principle that voltage leads the current in such scenarios.

Understanding this phase relationship is crucial for analyzing and designing circuits where inductive components play a significant role, as it impacts power factor, reactance, and overall circuit behavior.