What is the formula for calculating total voltage in an AC circuit?

The formula for calculating total voltage in an AC circuit is V = I * Z, where V represents the voltage, I is the current, and Z is the impedance. This relationship indicates that in an alternating current (AC) circuit, the total voltage is dependent on both the current flowing through the circuit and the total impedance that the circuit presents to that current.

Impedance in an AC circuit encompasses not only resistance (from resistive elements) but also reactance (from inductors and capacitors), making it crucial for understanding how voltage behaves in such systems. By multiplying the current by the impedance, you can accurately determine the voltage across the circuit, taking into account both the resistance and the reactive effects.

The other choices represent different relationships that are not applicable for calculating total voltage in AC circuits. For instance, V = I / R applies specifically to Ohm's Law for resistive (DC) circuits, and P = I^2 * R calculates power rather than voltage. The option V = Z / I misrepresents the relationship and would not yield the correct voltage in an AC circuit context.