What does overload refer to?

Overload refers to the condition when an electrical circuit or component is subjected to current levels that exceed its designed capacity. In this context, it indicates an excess of normal current that is still confined to the typical conducting paths within a circuit. When current exceeds the normal operating parameters, it can lead to overheating, equipment damage, or failure, as the circuits or devices were not designed to handle such levels. Thus, the concept of overload is essential in understanding the limits and operational safety of electrical systems.

The other choices reflect scenarios that don't fully encapsulate the definition of overload. For instance, excess current not on normal conducting paths does not describe an overload, as overload is related strictly to the normal current paths. Normal current confined to designated paths does not imply an overload situation, as it indicates operating within the safe limits. Lastly, the maximum current a relay can handle pertains to its specifications for operation rather than the concept of overload itself.