What can occur if a LED is exposed to excessive voltage?

When a LED is exposed to excessive voltage, immediate damage to the LED can occur. This happens because LEDs are designed to operate within specific voltage ranges, and exceeding this threshold can lead to thermal runaway or electrical breakdown.

In increased voltage scenarios, the current flowing through the LED can surpass its maximum rating, causing overheating and potential physical damage to the semiconductor materials within the LED. This damage can manifest as a burnt-out LED or reduced performance, often leading to a total failure of the device.

The other options imply benefits or improvements, such as better luminosity or a longer lifespan, but these outcomes are not possible when excessive voltage is applied. Instead, the effect is detrimental, highlighting the importance of adhering to the manufacturer's specifications for voltage to protect the integrity of the LED.