In LED terminology, what does the term "forward bias" refer to?

The term "forward bias" in LED terminology refers to the condition where the LED is connected in the correct polarity, allowing current to flow through it in the intended direction. When an LED is forward biased, it means that the positive side of the voltage source is connected to the anode of the LED and the negative side is connected to the cathode. This arrangement enables the movement of charge carriers (electrons and holes) across the junction within the LED, resulting in the emission of light.

In this context, understanding forward bias is crucial because it directly impacts the operation of the LED. Only when the LED is forward biased will it conduct electricity and illuminate, demonstrating its functionality as a light-emitting diode. If the LED were reverse biased (which would be the case in options describing reverse direction or halted current), it would not function as intended and would remain dark. This critical relationship between polarity and operation is fundamental to working with LED technology.